What is the visual and infrared spectrum?

The visual and infrared spectrum includes the wavelengths of light visible to the human eye (visible spectrum) and the infrared wavelengths that are invisible to us but are used in technologies like night vision and thermal imaging.

Ultraviolet (UV):
Wavelengths: 320 nm to 380 nm.
Applications: UV sensors for surface detection, forensic analysis, and optical surveillance.

Visible Spectrum:
Wavelengths: 380 nm to 750 nm.
Colors: Violet to red.

Infrared Spectrum (IR):
Wavelengths: 750 nm to 1 mm.

Divided into several subcategories:

Near-Infrared (NIR):

• Wavelengths: 750 nm to 1,400 nm.
• Applications: Standard night vision devices, optical communicationWavelengths: 1,400 nm to 3,000 nm.

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR):

• Wavelengths: 1,400 nm to 3,000 nm.
• Applications: High-resolution night vision systems, sensors for moisture detection, and material analysis (e.g., in agriculture and forestry).
• Advantage: SWIR light interacts uniquely with materials, making it excellent for identifying substances and detecting liquids. It can also penetrate fog and smoke, improving visibility.

Midwave Infrared (MIR):

• Wavelengths: 3,000 nm to 8,000 nm.
• Applications: Heat radiation detection, gas analysis, and thermography.

Longwave Infrared (LWIR):

• Wavelengths: 8,000 nm to 15,000 nm.
• Applications: Thermal imaging, as this range is highly sensitive to temperature differences.

Far Infrared (FIR):

• Wavelengths: 15,000 nm to 1 mm.
• Applications: Heat radiation from objects and scientific fields like astronomy.

This breakdown highlights how each spectrum is used for various purposes and why camouflage systems must address multiple wavelengths for effective concealment.